1 August 2023

1. Özden Gazetesi, “NEİTHER LGBT, NOR BARS”

In this column, LGBTI+ people are targeted with negative expressions such as 'germs’ and ‘perverted sex', and their existence is defined as 'against nature'. With the use of these expressions, LGBTI+ people are labeled as a 'threat' to family, society, and children. The concepts of child sexuality and sexual freedom, which are criticized in the article, are also associated with LGBTI+ people and interpreted as child abuse. LGBTI+ people are labeled as 'criminals', while lawyers and bar associations defending LGBTI+ people are accused of 'defending immorality'.

4 August 2023

2. Yeni Devir, “GREEKS CONTINUE TO PLAY WITH FIRE”

This news article reports on a joint-training exercise held by Greece and the USA in Volos, Greece. The exercise is described as an ‘arrogant step’ and the participating countries are called ‘enemies of Turkey’ because of it. The headline places responsibility for the actions in question on Greek identity, and as such the perception that Greeks pose a threat is reinforced and a discourse of conflict against Greeks is produced.

8 August 2023

3. Yeni Şafak, “ORGANIZED JEWISH TERROR”

This news article reports on an Israeli newspaper that described events in the West Bank with the phrase 'organized Jewish terrorism', and on the statements of politicians. By putting the phrase in the headline without quotation marks, hate speech is reproduced as Jewish identity is associated with the word 'terror'. Additionally, the word 'organized' creates the perception that the actions attributed to Jewish identity are continuous and planned. As such, hostility towards Jews is reinforced.
 

9 August 2023

4. Türkiye, “CROATIANS TERRORIZED”

This news article reports on incidents between the fans of AEK and Dinamo Zagreb before a football match. However, when reporting the incident in question, Croatian identity is held responsible for the actions of a group. By associating Croatians with the negative expression used in the headline and with the act of killing a fan expressed in the subtitle, hate speech is produced and prejudices against Croatians are reinforced.
 

10 August 2023

5. Milat, “Jews went hunting for Palestinians on the street”

This news article reports that two people were killed by gunfire from a vehicle while walking on a street in Palestine. The article further states that these actions occur frequently, that the murder rate has increased this year, and that the Israeli police remain unresponsive to the violence and attacks suffered by Palestinians. However, in the headline and text of the story, Jewish identity is held responsible for the actions of a group. With the expression used in the headline, Jews are associated with violence and crime, and existing hostility towards their identity is reinforced.
 

15 August 2023

6. Doğru Haber, “PERVERSION IS NOT FREEDOM”

This news article conveys the main points from a politician's congress speech. In the speech, the existence of LGBTI+ people is defined as a 'perversion' and LGBTI+ people are verbally attacked. One statement from the speech is placed in the headline without quotation marks, and as such hate speech against LGBTI+ people is reproduced, and the perception that LGBTI+ people pose a threat to society is further reinforced.

 

14 August 2023

7. Milat, “German threat to Muslims”

This news article reports on threatening letters sent to Muslim organizations in Germany. It is stated that mosques have been receiving the letters in question for months, yet demands from Muslim organizations for preventative measures against the threats have led to no developments. The news states that the fear experienced by Muslims is related to actions taken in the past, and also includes the findings of a report on increasing anti-Islamic sentiment in Germany. However, in the news headline, German Identity is held responsible for these actions and is associated with 'Islamophobia'. By associating crime with identity, the perception that Germans pose a 'threat' to Muslims is reinforced and hate speech against Germans is produced.

15 August 2023 

8. Türkiyede Yeniçağ, “Russians are hitting Ukraine with rockets and UCAVs again”

This news article reports that Russia attacked the city of Odessa with rockets and UCAV’s (unmanned combat aerial vehicle). However, while the events in question are described in the headline, responsibility is placed on Russian identity, which is associated with violence. The continuity of the actions is also emphasized with the word 'again'. Russians who are presented as a 'threat' are targeted.

16 August 2023

9. Antalya Gündem, “INVASION”

This column focuses on the visibility of refugees from Syria and Ukraine in Turkey. While it is stated that Turkey deals with the consequences of the wars in these countries, the difficulties that refugees encounter are not mentioned. The column also includes allegations that refugees from Ukraine are driving pirate taxis in Antalya and are turning their newly purchased homes into boarding houses. Based on these examples, the column states that refugees 'covet the values and labors’ of people in Turkey. Refugees, not refugee policies, are pointed out as the source of unemployment. As such, prejudices against refugees, who are labeled as a 'threat', are reinforced.

21 August 2023 

10. Haber Güneş (Cyprus), “Greek Cypriots (Rum) Should Know Their Limit”

This column covers some of the events that have taken place between the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus and the TRNC since 1963, along with the UN's approach to these events. Greek Cypriot (Rum) identity is held responsible for what happened in Cyprus between 1963 and 1974, and is associated with the word 'massacre'. As such, the perception that Rum identity poses a 'threat' is reinforced. A discourse of conflict is produced through the headline, which acts as a message to Rum people, and through associating their identity with the word 'massacre' in the text. Hostility towards Rum people is thus further reinforced.

21 August 2023 

11. Kocaeli Yeni Haber, “IMMIGRANT INVASION!”

This column conveys the author's observations about the demographic changes in Istanbul. The visibility of Syrian and Afghan refugees at tourist attractions and the ubiquity of the Arabic language are presented as problematic, and common misconceptions about refugees are reproduced, such as the claim that refugees have privileges that Turkish citizens do not. The presence of refugees is interpreted as an 'invasion' and the perception that refugees pose a 'threat' to society is reinforced.

22 August 2023

12. Milat, “GREEK CYPRIOTS (RUMS) want to occupy PYLA”

This news article reports the statements of a politician regarding the UN's refusal to allow the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to build a road to the village Pyla. The statement includes the claim that road construction was not allowed because they want Pyla to be a Greek Cypriot (Rum) village and the UN is under the influence of the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus. Rum people are targeted by placing the statements in the headline without using quotation marks and by being associated with the word ‘invasion’.

22 August 2023

13. Türkiye, “Armenians will attack again in October”

This news article states that Armenia will attack Azerbaijan in Lachin in September-October, claiming that Armenia has not complied with the agreement signed between Russia-Azerbaijan-Armenia and continues to carry weapons and soldiers to the Lachin Corridor. These actions are called an 'Armenian provocation' in the text of the story. Armenian identity is also targeted with the use of the frequently used expression 'incitement'. In addition, responsibility for the alleged actions is placed on Armenian identity in the headline and Armenians are associated with violence. With the word 'again' in the title, Armenians are presented as having the potential to 'attack', as it emphasizes that they have carried out attacks before. Hate speech against Armenians is produced within a discourse of war in both the headline and text of the news.

23 August 2023

14. Milat, “Greek cruelty revealed in report”

This news article reports on the actions of the Greek army in the Battle of Sakarya during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-22 as described in a report kept by the Tetkik-i Mezalim (Investigation of Atrocities) Committee at the time. In addition, the story includes an interview with the coordinator of the Polatlı Historical Sites Promotion Center. The headline contains an excerpt from the interview without quotation marks. The responsibility of the described actions is attributed to the Greek identity. Hate speech is thus produced by associating Greeks with violence.

 

23 August 2023 

15. Diriliş Postası, “Civilian planes are the target of Armenian terror”

This news article reports on the statement of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense which claims that armed Armenian groups have targeted civilian aircraft in Karabakh. The text of the story mentions that the actions in question are illegal, and that no precautions have been taken. In the headline, Armenian identity is held responsible for the alleged attacks and associated with the word 'terror', a stereotypical expression in the production of hate speech. As such, hostility towards Armenians is reinforced by associating their identity with crime.

29 August 2023  

16. Karar, “Saudis killed hundreds of Ethiopians, Massacre at the Border”

In this news, it is stated that, according to a report from Human Rights Watch, the Saudi Arabian border police carried out an attack on Ethiopian civilians fleeing the civil war in Yemen. It is reported that satellite images regarding the allegations were found, immigrants were spoken to, and the UN submitted a report to the USA on the subject. However, in the headline, responsibility is generalized to Saudi identity which is associated with crime. Prejudices against Saudis are thus reinforced.

30 August 2023

17. Yeni Akit, “A response like a slap in the face from the coast guard to the lie of barbarian Greek: the whole world knows about you and us.”

This news article relates a news story shared by some media organizations and social media outlets in Greece on August 28 and the response to it. The news story in question claimed that while the Greek Coast Guard rescued refugees near Lesbos, the Turkish Coast Guard did not, leading to the death of many refugees. The remainder of the news relates the Turkish Coast Guard Command's response to the allegations. However, in the headline, Greek identity is held responsible for the actions claimed to belong to Greece. With the use of this negative expression, Greek identity is targeted and prejudices against Greeks are reinforced.