October 1, 2023

1. Yeni Şafak, "Armenian terror in the USA"

The news reports that  a group started to protest at a conference held in the city of Los Angeles when the Turkish Ambassador to Washington began to speak. It is stated that the same group attacked the participants at the end of the conference and that the actions of the group reminded the actions of the ASALA organization. Although it is mentioned that the protest in question was organized by a group, the responsibility for the incident is generalized to identity in the text and headline of the news. By associating Armenian identity with 'terrorism' in the headline, the perception that Armenians pose a potential threat is reinforced. The perception of hostility against Armenians is fueled.

October 2, 2023

2. Milat, "Hindu Savagery"

The news reports that a person was killed in an argument in the Ramganj area of Jaipur, India. In the text of the news article, it is stated that the person killed was a Muslim, and radical Hindu gangs are held responsible for the incident. However, in the rest of the text and the headline, the responsibility for the incident is attributed to Hindu identity. With the phrase 'savagery' in the headline, Hindu identity is associated with violence and the perception that Hindus pose a threat is reinforced.

October 3, 2023

3. Türkiye’de Yeniçağ, "60 years of Greek Cypriots (Rum) lies"

The column explores the tensions between the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus since the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus focusing on the statements of some politicians regarding these events. In the text of the article, the responsibility for the violent incidents in historical narratives and the approach of politicians to the incidents are generalized to identity. Greek Cypriot (Rum) identity is targeted by associating it with violence and massacres. Moreover, the claim that historical events are distorted is generalized to Rum identity and prejudices against Rum people are reinforced.

October 3, 2023

4. Karar, "Returning home from Russian captivity"

The news article focuses on people returning to Ukraine through the humanitarian corridor established between Ukraine and Russia and reportedly being resettled in safe areas. However, in the headline, the responsibility for what happened during the war is attributed to identity. Russian identity is targeted through the use of negative adjectives, and the existing perception of hostility against Russians is fueled.

October 3, 2023

5. Yeni Mesaj, "Silent invasion?"

The column conveys the author's views on refugees living in Turkey. Claims about refugees, which were previously declared to be misinformation, are shared again, and distortions about the situation of refugees in Turkey are included. The presence of refugees is interpreted as a 'threat' to social order and the economy. The perception of 'threat' is bolstered by predictions about the future demographic structure. The perception of hostility against refugees is fueled.

October 3, 2023

6. Yeni Devir, "They did not allow perverts"

The news report is about a demonstration organized by LGBTI+ people in Beirut being prevented by people who came to the opposite demonstration. In the text and the title, LGBTI+ people are targeted with the stereotypical expression 'pervert' contributing to the production of hate speech. By problematizing the advocacy for rights and visibility of LGBTI+ individuals, hostility towards groups with non-heteronormative sexual orientation and gender identity groups is fueled.

October 4, 2023

7. Yeni Akit,"ARMENIAN SLANDER COLLAPSED IN KARABAKH"

The news article focuses on the war in Karabakh and the subsequent decline in the Armenian population in the region. The report on the Karabakh region prepared by the United Nations after the ceasefire is mentioned and the statement of the United Nations spokesperson is quoted. In the news, the violent incidents during the war are labeled as 'lies' and 'slander' with the responsibility for these acts attributed to the Armenian identity. In the text of the news, French identity is also targeted for supporting these acts. At the same time, the Armenian identity is mentioned together with the stereotypical word 'terror' contributing to the generation of hate speech, and Armenians are associated with violence. The negative expressions used in the text and in the headline incite hostility against Armenians.

October 5, 2023

8. Aydınlık, "End to the LGBT Propaganda and Organization"

The news covers a legislative proposal prepared by a political party concerning 'propaganda and organization of unnatural sexual identities and relationships constitutes a crime'. The text of the news article includes the details of the seven-article law proposal targeting LGBTI+ people and the statements of the party's chairperson. The statements of the chairperson and the articles of the related proposal are included in the news report without using quotation marks. Statements conveyed without quotation marks are not approached critically and hate speech expressions are adopted. In this way, discriminatory discourse and hate speech against LGBTI+ people are reproduced. By problematizing gender equality in the news text, discriminatory discourse against women is produced. LGBTI+ people are targeted with frequently used negative expressions such as 'propaganda' and 'imposition'. Hostility is fueled against LGBTI+ people who are pointed out as a 'threat' to 'family, children and social structure'.

October 8, 2023 

9. Yeni Akit, You hypocritical infidels"

The news article reports on the official statements of the member states of the European Union on the Hamas-Israel war. The responsibility for the official statements made by the countries is attributed to identity. While reporting these statements, a hierarchical relationship is established between Muslim and Christian identities. Christian identity is targeted through the use of negative adjectives. With frequent use of the term 'giaour' (infidel) in hate speech generation, Christian identity is associated with ‘ruthlessness’, ‘cruelty’ and ‘hostility’.¹ Prejudices and hostility against Christians are reinforced.

October 9, 2023 

The news article introduces the book on the founding story and activities of the so-called '515 gang'. The author's evaluation of the book is quoted. The news reports that the group in question is anti-Turkish and claims that it was formed by refugees coming to Turkey. While the news is carried to the headline, the responsibility for the actions of the group is attributed to the refugee identity through distortion. The perception that refugees pose a 'threat' to social order is reinforced. By associating crime with identity, existing prejudices against refugees are fueled.

October 10, 2023

11. Aydınlık, "Identity for those who regret: Trans lesbian"

The news reports on a social media post by United Nations Women (UN Women) regarding the rights struggles and visibility of LGBTI+ people. However, the post in question is interpreted as 'support for LGBTI+ propaganda'. The news also includes similar opinions of people from an association about the post. Since these statements are included in the news without quotation marks, homophobic discourse is reproduced. In the news article and the headline, the existence of LGBTI+ people is defined with negative expressions such as 'imposition' and 'propaganda'. It is claimed that identities other than cis-heteronormative pose a 'threat' to family, society, and women. Existing hostility against LGBTI+ people is fueled.

12. Milat, "Hindus set madrasah on fire in Kashmir"

The news article covers the demolition of a madrasah in the Indian state of Kashmir by the Indian government. The continuity of the actions taken by the government against Muslims in various states of India is conveyed through examples. Although the Indian government is held responsible for the actions in the text, the responsibility is attributed to the identity in the headline. Hindu identity is associated with violence and targeted. Thus, existing prejudices against Hindus are reinforced.

October 13, 2023

13. Milliyet, “Time to hold Palestine to account”

The column conveys the author's views on the rights violations in Gaza stemming from the ongoing violence. However, the author targets identities when referring to historical events. The text problematizes Palestine's acknowledgement of the Armenian Genocide, portraying Palestinians and Armenians as enemies. Furthermore, Arab identity is targeted through the use of negative adjectives and is associated with the word 'betrayal'. In this way, existing prejudices against Armenians, Palestinians and Arabs are reinforced.

October 14, 2023 

14. Yeni Söke Gazetesi, "What Arab betrayal has cost"

The column comments on the period and historical development of World War I. It states that Palestinians did not align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the war and criticizes their alignment with Britain. While expressing the views, the author attributes responsibility for state war policies to identities. While the British identity is positioned as the ‘enemy’, Palestinian and Arab identities are associated with 'betrayal'. Thus, the current war discourse is fueled.

October 21, 2023  

15. Milat, "French Hypocrisy"

The news reports that a far-right politician in France has called for a law to ban Islamist ideologies in the country. It also mentions that a football player in France was targeted by politicians after he shared statements about the Israel-Hamas war. In the headline, the responsibility for the politicians' statements is attributed to the French identity. With the use of negative adjectives, the perception of hostility against the French is reinforced.

October 25, 2023

16. Yenigün (Muğla), "The USA project and asylum seekers"

The column conveys the author's views on refugees living in Turkey and the migration policies of other countries. By mentioning the possibility of changing the demographic structure in Turkey, inaccurate information about refugees is reproduced without specifying the source. Refugees' access to rights and freedoms and their increased visibility are problematized. Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi identities are pointed out as the cause of economic and social problems in Turkey. The presence of refugees is interpreted as an 'invasion threat', and the existing perception of hostility is fueled.

October 27, 2023

17. Yeni Akit, "LGBT disgrace in the Republic march"

The news reports that kindergarten students in Mersin's Tarsus district flew balloons decorated with rainbow colors during the Republic March. The news associates the rainbow colors of the balloon in the Republic March with the LGBTI+ flag and claims that the flag was hung by LGBTI+ people during the ceremony. In the headline, the presence of sexual orientation and gender identity groups is described as a 'disgrace'. The news problematizes the visibility of LGBTI+ people and produces homophobic discourse. It is emphasized that identity groups other than cis-heteronormative pose a 'threat' to children. Existing hostility and hate speech against LGBTI+ people are fueled.

October 28, 2023 

18. Türkiye’de Yeniçağ, "Armenian mines cost the lives of 3,413 Azerbaijanis"

The news report is based on the statement made by the President of Azerbaijan on social media regarding the mines laid on Azerbaijani territory since 1991. The statement claims that the mines were planted by the Armenian government and cites data on the number of people who lost their lives as a result of the explosion of mines. The headline of the news points to identity as the cause of the tension between states and associates Armenian identity with violence with the phrase 'Armenian mine'. By emphasizing identity, hostility between peoples is fueled and prejudices against Armenians are reinforced.

October 31, 2023

19. Milli Gazete, "Demonstration for the removal of the Armenian slander monument"

The news report is about the protest organized by a group for the removal of the Armenian Genocide monument in Cologne and the statement made during the protest. The news claims that there is a court decision to remove the monument in question. In the headline of the news, the monument is defined with the expression 'slander', emphasizing identity. Armenian identity is targeted through the use of negative adjectives, and existing prejudices against Armenians are fueled.

November 2, 2023

20. Aydınlık, "Bar Association administration that imposes LGBT cannot stand"

The news report focuses on a social media post made by a lawyer after an event on gender equality organized by the Ankara Bar Association. It is reported that after the lawyer's post about opposing the event, the Bar Association administration dismissed the lawyer from the position of Vice Presidency of the Children’s Rights Center and initiated disciplinary proceedings against the lawyer. The Bar Association's decision is conveyed in the headline by targeting identity. The existence of sexual orientation and gender identity groups is defined as 'imposition'. Thus, prejudices against LGBTI+ people are fueled.

November 3, 2023

21. Yeni Konya Gazetesi, "Jew shoots and the world watches"

The news article reports on the violence and the number of Palestinian casualties in the war between Israel and Hamas. Criticizing the lack of reaction of the world public opinion to the violence, the article attributes the responsibility for the events and state policies to identity. In the headline, Jewish identity is associated with violence and targeted. Thus, the existing perception of hostility towards Jews is fueled.

November 3, 2023 

22. Türkiye, "Cypriot Greek (Rum) blackmail on Central Asia"

The news is about the participation of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) as an observer member in the summit named Organization of Turkic States. TRNC's participation in the summit as an observer member state is interpreted as international recognition. The news reports a politician's claim that an embargo will be imposed on the Turkish states due to the TRNC's participation as an observer member. While reporting the politician's statement, the identity is targeted and pointed out as a 'danger factor'. The existing discourse of enmity is reinforced by attributing negative expressions to Cypriot Greek (Rum) and Greek identities.

November 13, 2023

23. Yeni Şafak, "Babies exposed to genocide before coming into the world"

The column covers the Genocide Convention enacted by the United Nations, the epigenetic impact of war environments and the Israel-Hamas war. While the definition of the Genocide Convention is presented, the responsibility for the genocide against Syriacs in Iraq is attributed to identities. Arab and Kurdish identities are associated with violence. In this way, the discourse of hostility towards Arabs and Kurds is reinforced.

November 14, 2023

24. Türkiye, "CHINESE TORTURE in the West Bank"

The news reports on camera systems installed by Israeli police on the streets of the West Bank. It was stated that the cameras installed on the streets are the same cameras used by the People's Republic of China to spy on Uyghurs in Beijing. In the headline, Chinese people are associated with violence by emphasizing their identity. Prejudices and hostility towards Chinese identity are reinforced.

November 20, 2023

25. Milat, "Israel overtook the Serbs in 40 days"

The news article cites data released by the official Palestinian news agency on the number of casualties following the actions of the Israeli armed forces in Gaza. The violence in Gaza is compared to the effects of the bombings in Afghanistan and Hiroshima, and to the death tolls in Ukraine and Bosnia. When comparing the Palestinian official news agency's data with the number of people killed in the Srebrenica Genocide, the responsibility for the violence is attributed to identity. Serbian identity is associated with violence and hostility against Serbs is fueled.

November 21, 2023

26. Sabah, "CIVIL JEWS WALK EVERYWHERE WITH GUNS AND SETTLERS TERRORISE IN WEST BANK"

The news report claims that a Jewish group in Israel is being armed and that civilian applications for gun ownership are on the rise. It emphasizes that the group in question walks the streets with weapons and poses a 'threat'. It also cites examples of violence targeting Palestinian civilians in the West Bank, without specifying the source. In the headline and content of the news, the responsibility for the group's actions is attributed to identity. Jewish identity is associated with violence and portrayed as a potential danger. Thus, existing hostility towards Jews is reinforced.

November 27, 2023

27. Milat, "Jewish bullying against the president who supports Palestine"

The news reports that the Mayor of Sarajevo was threatened by a businessperson after condemning the violence and civilian deaths in Gaza. It is reported that the mayor reported the businessperson to the police after receiving a threatening note and shared it on social media. In the headline, the responsibility for the threatening note is attributed to identity through the use of negative adjectives. Existing prejudices and hostility towards Jewish identity, being associated with violence, are fueled.

December 14, 2023

28. Türkiye’de Yeniçağ, "IS IT POSSIBLE TO ERASE THIS MEMORY?"

The column presents the author's interpretation of the events of the Israel-Hamas war with reference to the violence targeting Jews during the Second World War. During the Second World War, the responsibility for the Holocaust is attributed to identity and Germans are associated with violence through the use of negative adjectives. Jewish identity is pointed out as the cause of the violent incidents targeting Jews in the past and it is claimed that they caused 'sedition and mischief'. It is claimed that the violations of rights during the Holocaust and the artistic productions that form the memory of the Holocaust are 'Jewish fabrications' and 'lies'. Existing prejudices are fueled by attributing negative connotations to Jewish identity. Moreover, the rights violations, state policies and ideologies in the Israel-Hamas war are uncritically attributed to the Israeli identity and the discourse of hostility towards Israelis is reinforced.

December 15, 2023

29. Yeni Akit, “HOMOSEXUALITY IS A WAR AGAINST HUMANITY”

The news reports a research book written by a psychiatrist and the author’s statement about it. In the statement, it is claimed that LGBTI+ people pose a ‘threat’ to the social structure and their visibility is problematized. Sexual orientation and gender identity groups outside heteronormativity are described as 'deviant'. The expressions in the psychiatrist's statement are incorporated into the news headline without using quotation marks. Homophobic discourse targeting sexual orientation and gender identity is reproduced. Without addressing the lack of equal representation of identities, the existing hostility towards LGBTI+ people is fueled.

December 25, 2023

30. Aydınlık, “New immigration law and unchanging French racism”

The column reports the content of the new immigration legislative proposal in France titled ‘Bill to Control Immigration and Enhance Integration’ and its approval in the parliament. The text conveys that immigration laws in France have undergone changes throughout history. While the articles of the new immigration law are criticized in terms of immigrant rights, the headline puts the responsibility for state policies on the identity. With the usage of negative adjectives, French identity is targeted, and prejudices against the French are reinforced.

December 31, 2023

31. Yeni Asır, “Eyes of the Jew are on Palestine”

The column interprets the historical development of violent incidents in Gaza. The author refers to books focusing on the Ottoman era, discussing the population policies during Sultan Abdülhamid’s reign and the policies implemented for land sales. However, in the interpretation of these policies, identity is targeted by using negative generalizations and distortions. The existence of Jews is indicated as a potential ‘threat’. The responsibility for current state policies is attributed to the Jewish identity, and Jews are associated with violence. Along with negative expressions, prejudices and hostility against Jews are fueled.